For open circuit, the capacitor will be charged to the DC voltage.
In this case, charging current will be continuous and decline exponentially to the load current. In the case of charging a capacitor from a linear DC voltage, like that from a battery, the capacitor will still appear as a short circuit it will draw current from the source limited only by the internal resistance of the source and ESR of the capacitor. In the case of open circuit, the capacitor will be charged to the peak AC voltage (one cannot actually charge a capacitor with AC line power – this refers to unidirectional alternating voltage output from a rectifier).
#Voltage spike definition full#
Instantaneous current declines to load current as the capacitor reaches full charge. A fully discharged capacitor will take approximately 5 RC time cycles to fully charge during the charging portion of the cycle, instantaneous current can exceed load current by a substantial multiple. The over-current protection must react quickly to overload or short-circuit faults but must not interrupt the circuit when the (usually harmless) inrush current flows.Ī discharged or partially charged capacitor appears as a short circuit to the source when the source voltage is higher than the potential of the capacitor. The selection of over-current-protection devices such as fuses and circuit breakers is made more complicated when high inrush currents must be tolerated. Power converters also often have inrush currents much higher than their steady-state currents, due to the charging current of the input capacitance. Alternating-current electric motors and transformers may draw several times their normal full-load current when first energized, for a few cycles of the input waveform. Inrush current, input surge current, or switch-on surge is the maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on An example of inrush current transients during capacitor bank energization
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